s. The same signals serve for making
corrections in the said algorithms. It is necessary to note here, that the notion
'organism' itself includes the availability of a relatively complete biological system
with the obligatory presence of the signal subsystem. Exactly owing to the signal
subsystem a certain conglomeration of organic cells is united into the system of a
single organism. In the simplest organisms of plants the signal subsystem appeared
at first in embryo form, evolving with time into the <u>primitive first signal
subsystem</u>, simultaneously commencing the appearance of the <b><i>spirituality</i></b>
in the organism. As it was already noted, the signal subsystem of the organisms of
vegetable-animal world has a bioelectrical nature. With its help the tight coordination
of subsystems of a single structure of organism takes place, the regulating in time
of algorithmic activity of these or those fng. units.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Here it is necessary also to note, that in such complex
systemic formations, as organisms of the first generation are, the common feature
for the entire organisation of alive Matter received its further development - the
<u>getting irritated</u>. By getting irritated one means the ability of a system to
respond to outside action with such a reaction, which by its strength, place and
character does not correspond to the strength, place and character of the outside
action itself, at the same time the said reaction has a reversible character, that
assists to its multiple repetition. In organisms, even the most primitive, getting
irritated reveals itself in a much more complicated way than in an isolated proteinous
complex, differentiated form, having its definite functional meaning, however, here it
is also based on regulations, characteristic for all systemic formations, namely: the
transference at a certain period of time of individual fng. units from some fnl. cells
to other ones. An elementary form of getting irritated is the capability of myosin
situated in organic cells to respond by a contraction to influences on it with a minimum
quantity of ATPHA as a natural chemical irritant. The reaction of a contractile protein
to ATPHA disappears, if to blockade one of the most important reactive groups of proteins
- the sulphohydrilic group. The restoration of these groups in the structure of a
contractile protein renews the reaction of the protein to the said irritant.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Plants do not have special tissues or some coordinational
centre, perceiving and conducting irritations. However, in spite of a relative primitivity
of plants' reactions to irritations, the most complicated subsystem of plasmatic, vascular
and hormone-containing connections, united into the primitive signal subsystem, in its
turn unites all their parts and organs into a single entire organism and is regulating
all physiological and biological processes. An excited part of a plant's tissue or organ
acquires the negative charge towards unexcited parts, owing to which between the excited
and unexcited parts an electrical current arises (a bioelectrical potential). Besides,
substances of high physiological activity (aucsynes and other phytohormones) are being
formed (or become free) in an excited part, which move to other parts of tissue and
equally with biocurrents cause in them a state of excitement. The speed of the spread
of an excitement in plants amounts to several and tens microns/sec.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Having undergone appropriate molecular-physical changes in
response to an action of irritating agents, proteinous structures, because of the
influence of an available gene record of their initial formation, newly revert to their
original state and can react again to these or those actions. The energy of a responding
reaction to an irritation is usually proportional, but not equal to the energy of
irritation, as a reaction to an irritation is being carried out at the expense of
internal energy of the plant's organism, accumulated before - during assimilation. If
this internal energy has been used up in preceding reactions to irritations, then new
irritations will not cause a responding reaction until the initial energetical level
and other characteristics of an excited part of tissue would be restored. Very strong
irritations do not stimulate, but on the contrary, oppress vital activity of an organism,
and with enough duration of action such irritants break a normal rhythm of its
functioning. Owing to this the strength of irritation should be strictly measured.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Organisms of the first generation in spite of their relative
primitivity already had a rather reliable subsystem of algorithms' recording based on
the biochemical recording of genetic coding of DNA. The information practically from
all organic cells, included in an organism, is being collected in it. As the systemic
organisation of plants was becoming more complex, the reliability of the subsystems of
algorithms' recording, which were providing the coding of the deployment of the structure
of fnl. cells of all subsystems of an organism, correlated with spatial-temporal intervals,
was also increasing. At first, practically every organ of plants had a subsystem of
algorithms' recording. So until nowadays there are plants, in which during cultivation
of only one organ the deployment of all others is taking place. The lily of the valley
(the rhizome), the poplar (any part of stem), etc. can be attributed to them. However,
a system of algorithms' recording, made in a specific, especially for this destined
organ of a plant - its <u>seeds</u>, proved to be the most reliable one in the end. One
of the principal advantages of such a recording is the possibility of its realisation
(the reading of algorithms) after a big interval both in space and in time.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     And really, it is quite possible to carry the seeds over to
a place situated in many kilometres from the mother plant and to plant them there, that
is to start the development of a new organism of plants, in several years after the
separation of a seed from the mother plant. All that met the requirements of the Evolution
of Matter along the ordinates of <i>quality-time-space</i>. We shall not dwell on the
mechanism itself of algorithms' recording of deployments of subsystems' structures of
a plant's entire organism in the embryo of seeds, but we should note that this recording
is so complete that it includes even quantitative and qualitative differences of all fnl.
cells in the structure of a given organism, the time of their deployment and periods of
functioning as well as algorithmic differences of each group of functionally isolated
fnl. cells. Therefore as soon as a seed gets into an appropriate fnl. cell of the
biogeocoenosis, its bioclock is turned on at once and the decoding of a precisely
composed gene recording of the embryo starts, being the first phase of the deployment
of the organism's structure of the next plant.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Seeds, as it is known, apart from a gene recording of the
embryo, have also a small reserve (a dry ration) of thoroughly selected elements,
essential for their use as fng. units in the beginning of the deployment of a plant's
structure. Later, as the evolution of their various subsystems was progressing, organisms
of plants became more 'provident' and apart from the accumulation of a strictly compulsory
stock of essential elements in the seed, they began also to accumulate a considerable
quantity of elements in its other, more spacious accumulative subsystem - <u>fruits</u>.
During the ripening of fruits the main mass of their fnl. cells, having principally the
accumulative function, is being filled in with all the elements, necessary for a normal
deployment from seeds of the first subsystems of a plant. This filling in, as with all
transformations in plants, happens not chaotically, but by obeying a strict regulation
of appropriate algorithms, according to which strictly definite molecular compounds in
the form of fng. units are filling in fnl. cells assigned for them, where they are being
polymerised with the help of the Sun's energy into more complex compounds, which provide
them with a more prolonged period of functioning.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Subsequently, after the completion of the ripening of fruits
and seeds, that is when all fnl. cells of their structures are filled with appropriate
fng. units, a fruit together with seeds falls on the upper layer of soil, where the
depolymerisation of its fng. units takes place, as a result of which a milieu of
nourishing elements for seeds which are also situated here is created. Therefore as soon
as the deployment of a new plant's structure begins from a seed, the reserved elements
of the depolymerised fruit serve as the principal source, providing the filling in of
its fnl. cells with appropriate fng. units.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     During the process of its formation each seed passes through
the stage of fertilization, that is the moment of the joining of the two systems' forming
structures - pollen and an ovule. This conjunction serves for purposes of improvement of
plants' genotype in the way of the spreading around of more perfect structures of fnl.
cells of subsystems, formed during the mutation of genes. The perfecting of this process
was progressing from plants of both sexes, through one-home ones, that is with both
stamen's and pistil's flowers, to two-home ones, when both stamen's and pistil's flowers
are located on different plants. Thus, individuals of different sexes were formed already
among organisms of the first generation. The appearance of seeds from plants of different
sexes provides the availability of gene recording from two parents' systemic formations
as a minimum, which assists a permanent perfecting of the structure of fnl. cells of
a given species of a plant and the corresponding optimisation of an aggregate of their
algorithms. With the creation of gene recording of algorithms of formation and functioning
of fng. units of all subsystems of a plant, carried out in DNA of organic cells of seeds'
embryo, as well as providing of a minimum reserve of essential elements during the
deployment of the organism's structure, the fnl. activity of most plants - organisms
of the first generation - practically ends. After the termination of functioning, the
structures of their subsystems desintegrate, and fng. units that were filling in their
fnl. cells before, depolymerising cover the upper layer of soil, forming and keeping up
in this way its humus layer. In future odd elements of the humus layer can be included
into a composition of fng. units of the structure of a new plant, in order, after
functioning over there, to return to the humus layer again. This process is endless
and constitutes the foundation of the biogeocoenosis.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Though the number of varieties of organisms of the first
generation is great, their functional load as a whole is identical and the difference
consists only in the structural organisation of their subsystems, adjusted to these
or those peculiarities of the biogeocoenosis, in which they are territorially placed
and fng. units of which they are themselves. Therefore, having exhausted all possible
functional increases <nobr>(<img src="images/math04.gif" height="15" width="27"
border="0">)</nobr> in structures of organisms of the first generation, the Evolution
of Matter got over into a new sphere - to constructing of structures with new functions
in organisms with a higher systemic organisation, which are united in the next group -
organisms of the second generation. Their appearance was the consequence of the existence
of organisms of the first generation already sufficiently developed, though the subsequent
simultaneous functioning and evolution of organisms of both generations somewhat conceal
the secondarity of the genesis of organisms of the second generation. But that which
already tells the difference between them, is namely: in the latter ones, during the
formation of fng. units for fnl. cells of their subsystems, complex blocks of fng.
units of organisms of the first generation are being used as a foundation, revealing
the periodicity of the appearances of these two generations.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     To the second generation of organisms all herbivorous
representatives of the animal world are attributed. The development in them of the
subsystem of accelerated artificial splitting of organic compounds of plants' tissue
structures allowed them to obtain in large quantities complex material compounds,
with the help of which they could permanently fill in fnl. cells of their more and
more complex subsystems, which assisted in the appearance of fnl. cells with new
characteristics and corresponded to the motion of Matter along the ordinates of
<i>quality-time</i>. We shall not analyse in detail the evolution of organisms of the
second generation from the protozoa unicellular to contemporary chordate from the class
of mammals' herbivorous animals. We shall note only that the main reason for the
divergence of their systemic organisation was the necessity to conform to the laws
of the Evolution of Matter. The basis of this very long process was a complication of
the morphophysiological structure of organisms, which has led to the appearance in the
proterozoic era (2 billion years ago) of animals with the double-sided symmetry of body
and with its differentiation to the front and rear ends. The front end became the place
for the development of organs of sense, nerve-centres and in the future - the brain.
In the process of the subsequent evolution, the divergence of types in the animal world
was mainly taking place and the substitution of primary low organisational primitive
forms by more highly organised ones in the way of more and more differentiation of the
structure and functions of tissues and organs of organisms. At the same time fnl. cells
of tissues of organisms of the second generation were already being filled in by only
heterotrophic organic cells as fng. units, that is incapable of a synthesis of organic
compounds from inorganic ones. In organic cells themselves the system of gene recording
in chains of DNA was perfecting more and more. A characteristic peculiarity of organic
cells of any organ remained, that in each of them all genes of a given kind of organisms
was available, however in cells of various tissues only few groups of genes were used,
that is only those of them in which algorithms of structural deployment and the
functioning of structures of fnl. cells, which given cells are occupying as fng.
units, are recorded.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The morphophysiological progress, or aromorphosis, that was
going for many hundred of millions of years, has led to considerable evolutionary
modifications of subsystems of the structure of organisms of the second generation
(that was expressed in the general rise of their organisation), biological progress
as well as to other not less important consequences. Here it is necessary first of all
to attribute the alienation of their systems from the humus layer of soil and the ability
to move easily and autonomously along a substratum. Owing to this, the organisms got
a possibility to assimilate gradually deserted areas of the Earth's surface in three
spheres: on land, in water and in air, that led to an augmentation of fnl. diversity
of their structures and fully met the requirements of motion of Matter in
<i>quality-time-space</i>. The acquired capability for movements in the space close to
the Earth's surface allowed organisms of the second generation to move from one source
of nutrition (systems of organisms of the first generation) to another one, extending
to a maximum their natural habitat. Moreover, at unfavourable moments an organism had
after that a possibility to cover itself up in a place more secure for it. The consumption
of various herbaceous plants increased the set of elements, out of which fng. units, which
were filling in fnl. cells of subsystems of animals' organisms, were formed. At the same
time each element was filling in a fnl. cell assigned precisely for it, where it could
reveal its own fnl. features characteristic only to it. Also, as in all systemic
formations of previous sublevels, any newly originated fnl. cell of a structure of this
or that organism undoubtedly required for its filling only a fng. unit, capable of
carrying out its set of fnl. algorithms. The slightest disparity of a fng. unit to the
fnl. cell it was filling in, led to a breach of the functioning of a given subsystem
of an organism and to a possible failure of its entire system as a whole.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Let us examine briefly the structure of organisms of the second
generation. As an example we shall take the structure of an organism of any contemporary
mammal. Its integral semi-autonomous system includes a great number of subsystems. One of
the principal of them is the <u>bearing-motor</u> subsystem. It includes the bone skeleton
with groups of muscles attached to it. The bone skeleton, fixing a geometrical position
in space of other subsystems of an organism, carries out in certain cases a protective
function as well. The organic cells of the muscular tissue with the help of biochemical
reactions with the assistance of ATPHA, as a universal source of bioenergy, contracting
at a set moment in time, bring to a spatial transference with a given speed of individual
parts of the organism. The bearing-motor subsystem well coordinated and precisely operated
allows some present-day animals to move with a velocity of several tens of km per hour.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Another important subsystem of the organism is the subsystem of
<u>digestion</u>. It includes a number of organs, where the processes of dividing organic
compounds of subsystemic formations of organisms of the first generation into particles
happen regularly until such a state when they can be utilized as composite elements in
synthesised heterotrophic organic cells of various organs of subsystems of the organism,
examined by us. The regularity of the said processes is defined by the requirements of
individual subsystems in the replacement in their fnl. cells of fng. units, which have
ended functioning, to new ones. Equally with the subsystem of digestion the subsystem of
<u>excretion</u> is also functioning. Through its organs unrequired elements present in
organic compounds of food, as well as elements of decomposition of ended functioning fng.
units of most of subsystems of the organism are moved away from the organism.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The permanently functioning subsystem of <u>breathing</u>
serves to provide biochemical reactions in various organs and tissues with the exchange
of gases. In the process of exchange of gases a continual supply of oxygen, required for
oxidizing-restoring reactions, takes place as well as the taking aside of one of the
products of decomposition of all organic compounds - carbonic acid gas.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The <u>accumulative</u> subsystem of the organism includes
the organs, fnl. cells of which are being filled with a certain reserve of the most
of elements, which are necessary for the formation of fnl. cells of other subsystems,
in this way making the period of autonomous functioning of the organism as a whole
longer. In organs of the said subsystem a number of organic compounds are also being
accumulated, the subsequent breaking up of which can serve as an additional source
of energy. The accumulative subsystem has a very important significance in the vital
activity of organisms of the animal world. With its help the organism has a possibility
of increasing intervals between feedings, and functioning normally during the said
interruptions. This is especially important for animals, the natural habitat of which
can be an area of desert as well as in the cold season of the year.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The subsystem of <u>the circulation of blood</u> and
<u>lymph</u> provides a permanent safe transportation of all necessary components for
biochemical reactions going in organic cells and taking aside the elements, formed in
the process of decomposition of units, that ended functioning. Blood constitutes the
structure of fnl. cells, having the features of a liquid, filled in with appropriate
fng. units. Therefore in blood there is always a full list of elements, being used in
organic cells during their synthesising, and they move at a necessary moment from fnl.
cells of blood to appropriate fnl. cells of an organic cell, being synthesised. Vacant
fnl. cells of blood are filled in at once with new fng. units from the accumulative
subsystem of fnl. cells or directly from the subsystem of digestion. Fnl. cells of
blood hold in appropriate elements and compounds as well as ensuring their transference
to fnl. cells of organic cells being synthesised on a bioelectrical basis.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Due to the fact that all biochemical reactions in organic
cells happen at a strictly set temperature, in organisms of the second generation
there is a more perfected, than in organisms of the first generation, subsystem of
<u>thermoregulation</u>, providing the constancy of the internal temperature of a body
in spite of any temperature fluctuations of the habitat. Sometimes these fluctuations
reach 70<sup>o</sup>C.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Because of a big complexity of formation and functioning of
the system of the second generation's organisms, it required a reliable subsystem of
<u>self-preservation</u>, or the protective subsystem, the beginning of which we can
observe already in organisms of the first generation. The said subsystem includes special
organs and fnl. algorithms both of the external and internal self-defences. In particular,
the internal self-defence is directed mainly against penetrating into organisms' various
organs of foreign formations, which the subsystem of self-defence tries to destroy
and remove from the system. It is interesting that one of the methods of the internal
self-defence, is based on the principle of constancy of the temperature for reactions
going in biosystems. Coming from the fact that intruded micro-organisms (for example,
viruses) reactionary are more active as they do not have practically any accumulative
subsystem, the organism with the purpose of self-defence raises through the subsystem
of thermoregulation the common temperature in the whole system, consciously taking the
risk of temporary breach of some of its own bioreactions. However, the breaches caused
by this in foreign microsystems are much more serious, due to which they perish and are
removed from the organism's system, while the temperature conditions characteristic for
a given organism are restored again by the subsystem of thermoregulation.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Organisms of the second generation have to move permanently, as
it is known, in search of food on the land, in the water and the air. To provide a secure
travel as well as a more fruitful search of food the subsystem of <u>perception</u>,
<u>search</u> and <u>orientation</u> went under extensive development in the systems
of these organisms. It includes organs of eyesight, hearing and smell. With their help
organisms can easily orient themselves in space and more effectively carry on the search
of consumed parts of organisms of the first generation. The said organs also participate
in algorithms of the functioning of the subsystem of the external self-defence.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Among other subsystems of organisms of the second generation
it is necessary to pick out the three most important. One of them became the singled out
subsystem of communication of getting irritated, or excitements. For an organism moving
along the substratum in conditions of a quickly changing situation a more accelerated
communication of appropriate signals from one organ to another one was needed. Owing to
this the communication of signals in the organisms of the second generation came to have
an entirely bioelectrical basis and the singled out subsystem of communication has
developed into the <u>central nervous subsystem</u> (the CNS). The organic cells,
included in this organ, differ through an especially good electric conductivity, due to
which so named currents of rest and currents of action are constantly circulating in them.
In the presence of some irritant an excitement of a given part of the tissue is taking
place and a current of action arises in connection with this. The excited part of tissue
acquires the negative electrical charge with regard to any part of it not excited, after
that according to an available algorithm the bioelectrical potential is being communicated
into an appropriate organ of the system, while the velocity of communication of the signal
owing to the evolution gradually increased in the end to 120 m/sec. The single CNS of
organisms of the second generation took upon itself the function of coordinating of fnl.
activity practically of all subsystems of the organism, giving in such a way the ground
for the originating of the more improved, than in organisms of the first generation,
first signal subsystem and together with it of organisms' peculiar 'spirituality'. The
further evolution of the first signal subsystem was in the way of the establishment and
consolidation of so named reflex arcs, which were forming a certain chain of fnl. cells,
filled in with appropriate nervous cells. In the process of the formation of the CNS its
individual parts were functionally differentiating more and more, originating the spinal
cord, the cerebrum, the vegetative nervous subsystem.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     A distinguishing feature of nervous cells is that they, in
contradistinction to others, do not have the capability to a cell-fission and exist
during the whole life of an organism, owing to which an established once reflex arc
under certain conditions exists till the moment of the desintegration of the organism's
entire system. The first signal subsystem includes reflex arcs, communicating excitements
both from receptors, reacting to external irritants, and from receptors of internal
irritations. The structure of stable reflex arcs is recorded genetically and reproduced
in following generations, creating the list of so named unconditioned reflexes. As a
result the nervous subsystem of the organism has acquired the biggest significance in
carrying out regulation and precise coordination of fnl. activity of the various
subsystems of the single organism.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     In the process of the existence of organisms of the second
generation more and more situations began to turn out, when to some receptors' irritations
it was more expedient for the organism to react quite differently. So, for example, a
replete animal at seeing new portions of food or water does not react to them somehow,
as its first signal subsystem, besides the receiving of the signal from the receptor of
its eye at the same time, receives also a signal from a receptor of the accumulative
subsystem of its organism, and this signal by its irritating strength for some time proves
to be stronger than the first one. Through analysis of constantly received signals about
irritations of various strength of numerous receptors in junctions of the centres of
refraction of reflex arcs in the depths of the CNS the <b><i>centres of analysis</i></b>
and processing of irritating signals began to form, on which the function of coordination
of subsequent reactions to the most irritations, communicated from various receptors,
fell. As the evolution of organisms of the second generation was going on these analytical
centres of the first signal subsystem were localised more and more in the structures of
the cerebrum, but taking into consideration that functionally organisms of the second
generation were differing one from another more and more, an analogous bigger and bigger
difference the analytical fnl. centres of the CNS were acquiring as well. Thus, with time
it became more and more obvious that each newly appearing function of organisms of the
second generation was receiving its own analytical centre of the CNS' cerebrum, that is
the actual field of the motion of Matter in <i>quality-time</i>
<nobr>(<img src="images/math04.gif" height="15" width="27" border="0">)</nobr>
at the new phase of its Evolution was moving more and more into the structures
of the organism's cerebrum.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     One more important subsystem of organisms of the second
generation became the subsystem of <u>gene recording</u>, which besides coding of the
structural deployment of an entire system as well as the composition of all fng. units
began recording genetically also the reflex connections of arcs and the appropriate
analytical fnl. centres of the signal subsystem of the CNS. Exactly in this way the
<u>genotype</u> of organisms began to arise. Being created anew afterwards reflex arcs
and analytical fnl. centres after consolidating them as conditioned reflexes were making
up the <u>phenotype</u> of the organism, after that were recorded genetically and handed
down, going already equally with reflexes recorded before into the genotype of following
generations, supplementing it accordingly and developing more and more its 'spirituality'.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The last important subsystem of organisms of the second
generation, which it is necessary to consider, is the subsystem of the <u>reproduction
of posterity</u>, based on the functional division of all organisms into two sexes:
male and female individuals. With time each sex was acquiring more and more fnl.
specialisation, however the organs of subsystems, taking the direct part in reproduction
of posterity, got the largest distinction. The conception of every organism begins from
the moment of joining of two specialised organic cells - gametes, separately taken from
individuals of both sexes. In each gamete there is its own gene recording, which is
comprised in a haploid set of several tens of chromosomes, while any intrachromosomal
deviation of a genome is reflected in a certain way in the being formed genofund of
posterity. The development of foetuses of mammals' organisms takes place at first in
the special subsystem of a mother organism under the control of its CNS regulating
first of all the entire supply of appropriate nutritive elements for the filling in
of fnl. cells of a new organism's structure being deployed. After the birth of the
young cub and its separation from the mother system, the supply of the new organism
with nutritive elements by the mother organism is carried out still for a long time
and it comes in the form of the special solution (milk), being produced by the
appropriate fnl. subsystem of the female individual's organism. Organisms of the second
generation also have subsystems of reproduction of posterity by means of laying eggs,
constituting an embryo in the milieu strictly dosed of thoroughly selected nutritive
elements, which it fully utilizes as fng. units for fnl. cells of a structure deployed
until a certain moment of its own development.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Thus, the morphological and physiological differentiation
of subsystems of organisms of the second generation, which was occurring over many
millions of years, met the requirements of the motion of Matter along the ordinate
<i>quality-time</i> <nobr>(<img src="images/math04.gif" height="15" width="27"
border="0">)</nobr>, being at the same time a direct consequence of this motion. It is
necessary to note that the said form of motion in the Evolution of Matter by that moment
became definitely dominating for the area of the Universe being examined, as the motion
in <i>space-time</i> began taking more and more a secondary subsidiary part.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     In the process of evolution new, higher in its organisation
groups of organisms were arising in the way of aromorphosises, idioadaptations and
degenerations. At one of the stages of the said process of evolution of the systemic
organisation of Matter the representatives of organisms of the third generation appeared.
To them such organisms are attributed, that utilize for construction half-finished
products during the synthesis of their fng. units neither inorganic substances of the
humus layer and nor organic compounds divided into particles of tissues of individual
organs of plants, but considerably more complex organic substances of tissues of
organisms of the second generation. As a result of this, the necessity to consume
individual organs of various plants permanently and in big quantities in order to fill
in fnl. cells of their subsystems with appropriate fng. units fell away from the
carnivores, as they began to be named later. It became enough for them to seize one
of organisms of the second generation to obtain at once in a big quantity a variety
of many essential elements, being in fnl. cells of the organism of a herbivorous animal
and from which they could synthesise fng. units for the subsystems of their organism.
Starting from this time the organism began to receive necessary elements in the form
of ready blocks (block-nutrition), that fully met the principles of the formation of
material systems, pre-determining the utilization of stable complexes of units of
preceding levels as fng. units in structures of all subsequent stages of organisation.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     In the systemic organisation of organisms of the third generation
fewer changes took place in respect to organisms of the second generation, than it was
between the second and the first generations. First of all the subsystem of digestion was
changed considerably being adapted for the new form of nutrition, as well as the nervous
subsystem which got some more fnl. significance. Among organisms of the third generation
the on-land animals began to be noted more and more by the level of their development. In
the end, all further evolution of the animal world on the whole began to come precisely
to a consecutive complication of the CNS in the on-land organisms of the third generation,
increasing in intensification and efficiency of its use, augmenting the diversity of its
functions' spectrum. Mainly it told on the systemic organisation of the cerebrum, which
was becoming more and more the specialised subsystem of multiplying analytical fnl.
centres, uniting analysers and initiators of most of the processes, going inside the
organism, and of some - outside of it.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     In spite of a big number of species of organisms of all three
generations (on the Earth only nowadays they number about 0.5 millions of plants' species
and 1.5 mln. - animals') and their fnl. heterogeneity, nonetheless on the ordinate
of <i>quality-time</i> all the same a moment came, when all this diversity became
insufficient to provide a further Evolution of Matter. The way out of this could be found,
as before, only in some more complex organisation of Matter in the way of origination of
the next new organisational level. The first premises of transition to it already began
to arise about 30 mln. years ago, when in forests of Palaeogene and Neogene Parapipithecus
appeared - animals about the size of a cat, which were living on trees and were feeding
on plants and insects. The present-day gibbons and orangutans have descended from
Parapipithecus as well as one more branch - the extincted ancient apes Driopithecus, which
gave three branches, that have led to chimpanzee, gorilla and to the <u>human being</u>.
Charles Darwin proved convincingly that man represents the last, highly organised link in
the chain of the evolution of living creatures of four generations and has common distant
forbears with apes.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     So, as a result of the motion of Matter along the organisational
level <b>I</b>, it is necessary to consider the origination of the most evaluated organisms
- organisms of the fourth generation, among which we number only human beings, whose
organism's system as a whole reached by that time a stable perfection. Being a derivative
system, which had absorbed all the best from organisms of the second and third generations,
the man received as a genetic heritage a collection of all those subsystems, that were
providing his existence and reliable functioning in the wide range of environment. As a
nutrition to fill in fnl. cells of own subsystems his organism was adapting itself more
and more to consumption of highly nutritious parts of organisms of the second and third
generations. So, both accumulative subsystems, formed around seeds in organisms of the
first generation (fruits, berries), rich in diverse elements, and various parts of
organisms of the second generation, began to occupy a bigger and bigger part in his
ration. Parts of organisms of the third generation, that is of carnivores, the man
practically did not and does not consume, as carnivores also do not do it themselves,
because of the impossibility of their utilization in order to fill in fnl. cells of his
organism's subsystems. However, in future and until nowadays the subsystem, regulating
in the organism of man his high nervous activity, and first of all the structure of
his <u>cerebrum</u>, began to receive more and more, outstripping development and
specialisation.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     And really, if the volume of cranium of an ape was 600
cm<sup>3</sup>, then already the first man, the Australopithecus, who lived 3 - 5 mln.
years ago, began to have the volume of cranium 800 cm<sup>3</sup>. The Pithecanthropus,
who lived 1 mln. years ago, had already the volume of cranium varying within the limits
of 900-1100 cm<sup>3</sup>. Thanks to straight walking the hands of ape-like forbears
of man became free from the necessity of keeping up its body while moving and began
to acquire the ability to make other various auxiliary movements. Owing to this the
Pithecanthropus though it did not have yet habitations fit for living, could already
make use of fire and began to use various objects as first tools. Besides the enormous
advantage gained in connection with the release of forelegs, the conversion to straight
walking was giving to hominoid forbears of man one more evolutional acquisition: as a
result of the change in the position of the head and eyes the volume of perception by
them of visual information greatly increased, due to which possibilities in working-out
the response adequate to a concrete situation widened a lot.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     If the conversion of the Australopithecus to straight
walking itself could not be implemented without a big alteration of fnl. characteristics
of their brain, then the perfection of straight walking and the possibilities of
orientation in the surroundings increased in connection with this, as well as the
use of arms in its turn raised the role of the cerebrum as the central subsystem of
estimation of information about the surroundings and for regulating the conduct of
the entire organism. Simultaneously with the above process the anatomical perfection
of arms and hands was progressing as instruments of working activity, at first still
primitive, but at subsequent stages of the evolution were turned gradually into
instruments of complex, consciously programmed activity.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Undoubtedly, that natural selection, which was taking place
at the same time, was leaning on an optimal set of genomes, controlling anatomical
formation of organs. At the same time, the adaptive fnl. use of all anatomical
achievements and their further evolutional perfection were already impossible without
the perfection of the cerebrum as the central instrument, regulating new functions of
body, due to which the structure and fnl. characteristics of cerebrum were becoming
more and more principal criterions of further selection. Therefore precisely the
cerebrum as the subsystem, regulating position and functioning of body, the activity
of hands, that became free as well as orientation in a concrete life situation and
formation of programs of conduct, became from that time the most important factor in
natural selection. Exactly the further multiplication and perfection of its analytical
fnl. centres, reflecting the augmentation of functions
<nobr>(<img src="images/math04.gif" height="15" width="27" border="0">)</nobr>
in the process of the Evolution of Matter as a whole, became the ground at that
period of <i>time</i> of its intensive motion along the following organisational
level - <b>K</b>.</p>

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<p><table width="700" cellpadding="20" cellspacing="4" bgcolor="#EECC99" background="images/bkgr20.jpg" border="5"><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
<p><font size="4" color="#004400"><b><i>Igor I. Kondrashin</i></b></font></p><p><font size="5" color="#004400"><b>Dialectics of Matter</b></font></p></td>
</tr></table></p>

<p><font size="5"><b>Dialectical Genesis of
Material Systems</b><br>(conclusion)</font></p>

<p><font size="4"><b><a name="p3a13">Level K</a></b></font></p>

<p><table width="700" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr>
<td width="300" align="left" valign="top"> </td>
<td width="400" align="left" valign="top">
<p><i>&quot;Afterwards the natural science will include the science about
human beings exactly in the same way as the science about human beings will
include the natural science - it will be a single science.&quot;</i></p>
<p align="right">K. Marx</p>
</td></tr></table></p>

</center><blockquote>

<p>     So man, being the most complex system of fng. units, in
which biochemical processes of various types precisely coordinated in <i>space</i> and
<i>time</i> are permanently taking place, from a certain time himself was becoming
gradually a fng. unit in the systemic organisation of Matter of a higher level, filling
in appropriate fnl. cells there. From this moment the epoch of self-organising systems
of a new kind began, though their germs we can examine already on the organisational
level <b>I</b>. Thus, analysing the structure of a biogeocoenosis, we see, that a forest
thicket constitutes a system of various fnl. cells, filled in with appropriate fng.
units - trees, bushes and grass. Some generations of plants after they stop functioning
die off and fnl. cells, which have become free, are being filled in with new plants.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Among organisms of the second and third generations it is
possible also to observe a primitive systemic organisation of fnl. cells of the new level.
It is possible to attribute to it settlements of ants (ant-hills), swarms of bees, shoals
of fish, flocks of birds, packs of wolves, herds, etc. It is quite natural that all those
formations can only theoretically be called organisations, but nevertheless they do have
some of its features. In the foundation of these formations there was a differentiation
of functions of fnl. cells, structurally linked between themselves and integrated into
a single system. The single systemic organisation of the above formations allows only a
hypothetical division of the said groups into fnl. subgroups, as their actual division in
most cases leads to a breach of the integrity of a system. Thus, if from a swarm of bees
a fnl. subgroup were to separate off, say, of drones, the entire swarm as a single system
will cease to exist. In packs of wolves and monkeys we shall detect without fail the fnl.
cell of the leader, which is always being occupied by the strongest and the most hardy
member of a pack, that is, in other words, the one that has the most developed
<u>phenogenotype</u>.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Functionally various fnl. cells of systems of the new type
have also their own, strictly determinated fnl. algorithms, which a fng. unit situated
in a fnl. cell is obliged to fulfil. This is a single law for all systemic formations
of Matter. So, a drone is not in a position to carry out properly fnl. algorithms of a
working bee exactly in the same way as a working bee is not capable of fulfilling the
functions of a drone. A weak leader cannot introduce order inside a park as well as
protect it against foreign enemies, etc.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     As it is known, one of the first links in the systemic
organisation of the level <b>K</b> was the organisation of <b><i><u>family</u></i></b>,
which can be considered also as the last link in the process of evolution along the
sublevel <b>I</b>. From a two-cell system among organisms of the first generation (a
primary cell: a motherly plant + a secondary cell: seeds) the family structure was
transformed into a three-cell system among organisms of the second and third generations
(two primary cells: a father and a mother + a secondary cell: posterity). The duration
of existence of the structure of a family varies from the duration of conception periods
until periods of bringing up of posterity. A family of full value exists until the death
of one of a married couple. The normal functioning of a family formation can be reached
only on the condition of the filling in of all cells of its structure with appropriate
fng. units. The absence or a disparity of one of them is a sufficient factor to lead to
a break-up of a given formation.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Each fnl. cell, including a family one, has a definite set of
fnl. algorithms, which a fng. unit filling it is obliged to fulfil. Because of this there
are specific fnl. algorithms of a father, algorithms of a mother as well as algorithms of
posterity. With each species of organisms they are different, but in many respects are
similar between themselves. Their recording is kept on the same chains of DNA-RNA and is
inherited by each subsequent generation in the form of a hereditary genome. It is known,
that starting from the moment of an impregnation, an ovum in each of its organic cells
in the process of reproduction has all the aggregate of genes, that is all the parents'
information, which is necessary for an organism to provide its growth, existence and
functioning. But at no one moment does an organism require the information in full volume.
Therefore small sets of genes, named 'transposons', are able to leave chromosomes, to
move over from one organic cell to another one, transferring this or that information.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The next decisive step in the systemic organisation of Matter
along the level <b>K</b> was the origination of new fnl. structures, which fnl. cells
already so supercomplex material formations were filling in for certain periods of time,
as human individuals, who were functioning there, executing required fnl. algorithms.
Systemic formations of this kind we shall name <u>hyperorganisms</u>. Their appearance
could take place only as a consequence of the association of several primordial families
into a single herd as well as the further increase of polyfunctioning of the subsystem
of human organism - 'brain-hand', which with the help of newer and newer tools could
execute newer and newer fnl. algorithms. Moving into a fnl. cell of a primitive
hyperorganism, a man, as a fng. unit of a fnl. system - a primordial family had
temporarily to leave its fnl. cell, though at that initial period of hyperorganisation
this transference looked rather theoretical. Thus, already the first differentiation
of man's functions became the cause of the structural integration of a primitive herd.
Fnl. groups of a new type appeared as a result of it, and constituted structures of
fnl. cells that had their own strictly designated algorithms, which were executed by
fng. units that were filling them in. Thus, out of all organisms of the second, third
and fourth generations only the organism of the fourth generation, that had the highest
internal systemic organisation, the <b><i>human being</i></b>, could become a fng. unit
in hyperorganisms.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     As an example let us examine the procedure of the functioning
of fng. units in a group of hunters for mammoths. Two-three tens of outwardly alike men
armed with similarities of lances and stones were filling in its structure. All of them
were occupying invisibly various fnl. cells in a formed group and therefore algorithms
being fulfilled by them were not the same. So, one of them came running to the nomad camp
and gave the others to understand, that he had seen not far away a mammoth or its fresh
tracks. The other one, after arming himself with a lance, rushed first in the direction
shown bringing along after him the others. The third one chose a convenient place to
attack the animal and gave the signal to descend on it. The fourth one after the killing
of the mammoth began preparing its carcass. The fifth one made a camp fire and began to
roast the meat. The sixth one, who was staying in the nomad camp during the absence of
the hunters, made for them a few new lances. After returning with the bag back to the
nomad camp, the men moved invisibly from the fnl. cells of the group of hunters into
their families' cells in order the next morning to move over again in the same way
invisibly from the families' cells to the fnl. cells of hunters. And it went on like
this from day to day, from generation to generation.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Out of the example examined by us it follows, that a fng. unit
of the new organisational level of Matter is being placed into an appropriate fnl. cell
only for a period of functioning, leaving it, as soon as the necessity of staying there
temporarily falls away, and filling it in again at an arising of the said necessity. At
the same time transferences from cell to cell began to have the character of regular
reiteration. With this peculiarity of the organisational level <b>K</b> broad
possibilities in increasing functions <nobr>(<img src="images/math04.gif"
height="15" width="27" border="0">)</nobr> were opening before Matter, that is for the
creation of an increasing quantity of fnl. cells while its motion along the ordinate of
<i>quality-time</i> at simultaneous use of a considerably less number of fng. units -
men, who had because of this to perfect more and more their capability to occupy in turn
several cells, raising by that the coefficient of their individual polyfunctioning. Fnl.
algorithms of each fnl. cell of systemic formations of the level <b>K</b>, that is of
hyperorganisms, were being recorded at that time in the form of biochemical recordings
in colonies of organic cells of a cerebrum of individual people, capable of accomplishing,
retaining and recalling these recordings, constituting interneuronic links, through which
at a certain moment biocurrent is going. Owing to this the further natural selection
of fng. units <b>K</b> selected out the people, who were differing at all other equal
parameters of their organisms by a bigger number of nervous cells in the cerebral
hemispheres able to form a bigger number of analytical fnl. centres of the signal
subsystem. And though this process was proceeding rather slowly, nevertheless it has
yielded its results. Thus, if the Synanthropus, who existed 500 thousand years ago, had
the volume of cranium of only 850-1250 cm<sup>3</sup>, then the volume of the cerebrum
of the Neanderthal man, who lived on the Earth 150 thousand years ago, was already more
than 1400 cm<sup>3</sup>, although there were not so many convolutions of the brain yet
in it. The Neanderthal man was feeding on meat and vegetable food, was dressing in skins
and living in groups of 50-100 persons. A human family could not exist at that time alone,
as it would perish quickly, not being able to defend itself from wild animals as well as
get enough food. Therefore from the first steps of his evolution the human being was a
collective animal. Thanks to his capability of polyfunctioning only he could become a
versatile fng. unit in hypersystems' cells of the level <b>K</b>.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Permanent participation in collective events, whether it
was hunting or a defence from enemies, required people to establish contacts between
themselves. It followed also from the law of creation of evolving systems, according
to which between fnl. cells of any structure there should be an interlink of a certain
kind. With time it was also formed gradually between fnl. cells in structures of the
level <b>K</b> - people: at first by gestures and then by a meaningful way of speaking.
So, already the Neanderthal men were associating between themselves by gestures and by
articulate sounds. All this, as it is known, was the origination of <u>the second signal
subsystem</u>, the material foundation of which the same neurones of big cerebral
hemispheres' cortex were serving. Here the invisible process of establishing the new
interneuronic links, of the formation of more complex analytical-initiating fnl. centres
was constantly progressing as well as of recording on DNA-RNA of organic cells of
appropriate biological modifications of organism's subsystems. As far as it was
developing the second signal subsystem was revealing more and more actively its fnl.
significance in people's life. Now already, not only the appearance of a mammoth, but
also a sound symbol, designating it, pronounced by one of the members of a human herd,
became a sufficient irritant and exited appropriate subsystems of hunters' organisms,
as a result of which they would rush in the direction of the proposed location of the
wild animal, that is of the object of the irritation. Some other animals, for example,
dogs, cats, etc., also have the rudiments of the second signal subsystem, but its
manifestation in these organisms has a very limited, primitive and unilateral character.
Only in the human being with the colossal potential of his cerebrum, did the second
signal subsystem get its further fnl. development, which was reflected in the fnl.
specialisation of subsystems of hearing, the way of speaking and again of those
analytical-initiating fnl. centres of the cerebrum.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Simultaneously, with the evolution of the subsystems of the
human being's organism as a fng. unit of the level <b>K</b>, fnl. algorithms of fnl.
cells of hyperstructures went on to perfect themselves, in particular, algorithms of
tools' manufacture. Thus, man learned progressively to split stones into plates and to
make out of them lance-heads, knifes, scrapers, prickers. Each new algorithm despite
its relative simplicity required many hundreds of years for its working-out. However,
in contradistinction to unconditioned reflexes, that is to algorithms of fnl. cells of
the sublevel <b>I</b>, algorithms of the level <b>K</b>' cells were not handing down
from generation to generation in the genetic way. Only the capability of repetitions
of their biorecording by means of the establishment of appropriate interneuronic links,
the formation of fnl. centres and the functioning with their help was handing down
biologically. Therefore an individual knowing how to make a knife out of a stone had
to show how to make it to his fellow-tribesman or to his son, the latter - to his, etc.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     All that was taking place on the background of the augmentation
of the cerebrum's volume and the further complication of its organisation. Those sectors
of the cerebrum were developing in an outstripping rate that were connected with
implementation of sensory and enunciation's functions. It is necessary to emphasize, that
the origin and evolution of enunciation turned out to be possible only on the base of the
complicated modification of the anatomy of vocal organs, augmentation of the volume
of larynx, modification of the location of tongue's root and diminution of the jaw's
dimensions. In other words, speech as well as an instrument of working activity - the
arm-hand - made it possible and inevitable that the socialisation of the primordial man,
arose on the basis of the most complex modifications of bodily, anatomical organisation
of forbears of the primordial man. The load on the cerebrum, that was going on in
connection with this, had led to a situation where the cerebrum's volume of first men
of the modern type - the cromanions, who appeared 30-40 thousand years ago - reached an
unprecedented size (1400-1600 cm<sup>3</sup>), and its structure became essentially
complicated owing to a further increase of the number of analytical-initiating fnl.
centres of signal subsystems, connected with the controlling of algorithms of working
activity and speaking as well as with a capability of abstract thinking. In the
individual evolution of the cerebrum it is possible to single out the appearance of
heterochroniums, determining the development of phylogenetically young regions at the
expense of relative diminution of old ones; the cranium began to acquire more and more
a human form. Thus <i>Homo Sapiens</i> - 'the intelligent man' was forming gradually.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The cromanion came close to a modern man not only by the physical
aspect, the form of the cranium and features of face, but by displaying already a genuinely
human intellect - the ability to organise collective forms of work and life, the ability
to build dwellings, to manufacture garments, to make use of highly developed speech. The
cromanion mastered the art of painting, created a system of rituals of behaviour and germs
of a primitive religion. It was characteristic for him to have a feeling of compassion for
his neighbours and concern for their welfare, that is what we call altruism.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The rate of the evolutionary process of hominids' development,
which was hastening more and more, serves as one more confirmation of the dependence
of the motion of Matter in <i>quality</i> from the motion in <i>time</i>:
<img src="images/math31.gif" height="18" width="72" border="0">, discovered
earlier by us. Throughout the entire evolutionary development of hominoid forbears of
man and at the first stages of biological formation of the human being himself, the same
commanding regularity was prevailing, and becoming stronger and stronger: the perfecting
of the bodily, anatomical organisation was raising more and more requirements for the
regulating activity of the cerebrum and already because of this putting it under the
strong pressure of selection. At the same time, the cerebrum, perfecting the organisation
and functions of the body, was acquiring more and more possibilities for analysis of
concrete life situations and the working out of programs of conduct adequate to them,
which was making the object of selection not only regulated, but also extrapolated, that
is intellectual, characteristics of the cerebrum as the programming device of the highest
nervous activity and an embryonic intellect. Thus, the cerebrum, which included first
of all the entire aggregate spectrum of analytical-initiating fnl. centres of signal
subsystems, became in the end an organ of the supreme integration of the physiological
and spiritual activity of the human being as a fng. unit of systems of the level <b>K</b>.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Apart from the above processes the evolution of hypersystemic
formations of the level <b>K</b> also was continuing. It was occurring in the way of fnl.
differentiation and originating of fnl. cells, which differed by new fnl. algorithms,
with simultaneous integration of them. Thus, fishing, cattle-breeding, agriculture arose.
First handicraft appeared: the manufacture of tools and instruments, utensils, the sewing
of garments. Because of this the fnl. specialisation of fng. units - men became stronger.
So, some of them were perfecting more and more fnl. algorithms of fishing; others,
algorithms of looking after domestic animals; the third ones, capabilities of a hunter;
the fourth ones were making tools for work and household articles faster and faster and
in bigger quantities; the fifth ones were displaying more skill in cultivating the land
and plants. Already 7-13 thousand years ago a stone axe, a mattock, a bow, a sickle, a
first loom were known to men. About 6 thousand years ago men learned to melt copper and
began to manufacture tools out of metal. A plough, a copper axe, a copper sickle, etc.
appeared.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Due to the fact that all people were alike biologically, that
is homologous and had subsystems of their organisms created identically, they could
implement almost any of the algorithms of the fnl. cells enumerated above. The difference
was only that various fng. units - people could fulfil the same fnl. algorithms in a
different way: some - faster and more precisely, others - less effectively. It was quite
natural, owing to the fact that among the people who were permanently engaged in, for
example, cultivation of the land, gradual genetic fixing of their capability in
implementation of appropriate fnl. algorithms was occurring. Making use of them, they
knew better than others where, how and when to work the land, what and when to plant
into it, how to look after plants and when to harvest them. The people who were engaged
in the manufacture of tools, knew better how to process stones, bones, wood or metal to
give them this or that form required to implement this or that function, etc. The above
skills of functioning were handing down from generation to generation, fixing more and
more by means of genetic coding the abilities of fng. units to fulfil specific fnl.
algorithms of certain series. As far as the human organism was perfecting, people's
conduct was becoming more and more labile and being trained, so under the influence
of conditions of bringing up and social surroundings the skills of functioning began
to attain more and more various levels of development and this difference in its turn
was being fixed genetically. Thus, <u>the people's functional heterogeneity</u> began
to appear, that is various hereditary abilities to implement these or those fnl.
algorithms, reflecting first of all the unidentical physiological predisposition of
this or that individual structure of the cerebrum to the formation of these or those
analytical-initiating fnl. centres of signal subsystems.</p>

<p>     <b><u><a name="p3b1">Primordial Communities.</a></u></b>
   Simultaneously with the evolutionary development of fng. units and
appearance of new fnl. cells, further structural integration of <u>hyperorganisms of
the first type</u> was progressing by means of the perfecting of intrasystemic links
between their fnl. cells. The first such a structure known after the primordial herd
was a clannish community. It did not differ in complexity. All its fnl. cells were
roughly equivalent, being disposed approximately at the same fnl. level and had
distinctions only in the set of fnl. algorithms. However, with time among them the fnl.
cells of elders were being picked out gradually more and more, which as a rule the most
experienced and sufficiently influential members of a community, able in this or that
way to command from others a respect for them, were occupying. Their experience was
constituting the biggest stock of fnl. algorithms, fixed in their cerebra. All that
assisted the transference of the fnl. cells of elders upward along the vertical of the
structural organisation of hyperorganisms, putting fnl. cells of members of community
remaining at the lower level under their organisational subordination. (Earlier, as we
remember, the fnl. cell of the leader in a herd was being occupied by the strongest of
its members physically, but not by the most wise and clever as now. This is <i>the most
principal difference</i> between hyperorganisms of <i>animals</i> and <i>men</i>.) The
fnl. cells of elders began to concentrate the first algorithms of organising and managing,
that is the functions relating to the activity of a hyperorganism as it is.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     A few clans, living in the same area, were forming a tribe. The
whole tribe was speaking the same language, had common customs and a common fund of fnl.
algorithms. The tribe was under the leadership of the council of elders, that was the
first in the history embryonic organ of a collective leadership: it was distributing among
tribes places for hunting and cultivation of the land, pastures for cattle, examining
disputes between relatives. As the number of tribes was grew territorial armed conflicts
began to arise between them more and more often, as a result of which new structural
formations appeared: fnl. cells of warriors and their leaders. Gradually a neighbouring
community began to replace a clannish community, giving a new push in the increase of
the genofund of its members. Serving as irritants for members of a community to fulfil
algorithms of these or those fnl. cells, from one side, the instinct of self-preservation
and other personal associations, based on the first signal subsystem of internal
self-information of an organism: hunger, cold, thirst, etc. From the other side, external
irritants began to play a bigger and bigger part: instructions of elders, olders, of other
members of the community, etc., inducing people to fulfil in a certain order of priority
a required list of algorithms. Meanwhile the internal mechanism of activity of each fng.
unit was already rather complex and constituted an approximately following chain of
alternation of rapidly changing events: an irritation <img src="images/symm08.gif"
height="15" width="18" border="0"> an analysis <img src="images/symm08.gif"
height="15" width="18" border="0"> an association <img src="images/symm08.gif"
height="15" width="18" border="0"> an excitement or inhibition of this or that tissue
of the organism, leading to a spatial transference of some of its organs according to
a required algorithm. All that was being properly coordinated in <i>space-time</i>.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The lack of possibility of genetic recording of hypersystemic
fnl. algorithms as well as the necessity of a further perfecting of intrasystemic links
between fnl. cells of hyperorganisms, led 5 thousand years ago to the appearance of a
written language, which began to help to make use on a more larger scale the advantages
of the second signal subsystem. Now it was no longer necessary for a man, who was in
a fnl. cell of the exciter, to give a verbal signal to a man in a fnl. cell of being
excited. It was enough to fix it and to hand over its symbolic imprint.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Scattered along various natural habitats tribes had their
own individual ways of development, which differed one from another, as a result of
that <u>genofunds</u> and <u>funds of algorithms</u> of each of them were not forming
equally. It is known, that each new <i>quality</i> of Matter apart from the development
in <i>time</i> gravitates as well to the development in <i>space</i>. Due to this,
tribes with a more wide genofund and/or a fund of algorithms were uniting with tribes
that had a more scanty genofund and/or a fund of algorithms (by means of placing them
under their command), meanwhile a reciprocal merging of funds was occurring which was
meeting the requirements of fnl. development of Matter in <i>space-time</i>. The result
of the above process as well as the process of the evolution of hyperorganisms of the
first type was an integration of fnl. cells of the level <b>K</b> into the most complex
systemic formation, that for a <u>state</u> it is necessary to consider. The states of
Ancient Egypt, that arose more than 5 thousand years ago, were the first known states.</p>

<p>     <b><u><a name="p3b2">Slave-Holding States.</a></u></b>
   The development of the first states happened first of all through territorial
expansion with simultaneous growth of fng. material in annexed neighbouring settlements.
As a result, it has led to the creation of dynamically steady hyperorganisms of the first
type - the slave-holding states of Egypt, India, China, Greece and Rome, the structural
organisations of which were meeting the requirements of the Evolution of Matter of that
<i>time</i>. At the same time, as a result of the influence in hypersystems of the centres
with energetic and entropic factors, common for all evolving systems, with the passing of
<i>time</i> a more and more hierarchical organisational stratification of hyperorganisms
along the structural vertical was being observed, which has led to the appearance of so
named <u>fnl. pyramids</u>. The best formed in the structural respect in slave-holding
states was the pyramid of state administration (the first element of a not yet realised
necessity of self-organisation), which included government, repressive and auxiliary
subsystems. It was also comprehending slave-owning holdings, putting in a certain order
in connections along the vertical between fnl. cells of slaves, overseers, managers and
slave-owners by means of their appropriate subordination. The fnl. cells of peasants,
artisans and of some other sections of the population were still very poorly associated.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Thanks to the perfecting of manufacturing tools and technological
algorithms, the individual labour of peasants and cattle-breeders of that epoch became
much more productive than the labour of their predecessors from primordial communities.
Therefore they could already spend less labour and time to satisfy the requirements of
their own organisms. But as the motion of Matter in <i>quality</i> leads to the permanent
differentiation of functions, it is being reflected accordingly in the systemic
organisation of hyperorganisms. As a consequence of this process there appeared of
slave-owning holdings, the structural composition of which allowed one to force a
principal mass of fng. units to be engaged in ordinary labour for a longer time than was
necessary to satisfy only their own individual requirements. As a result of their surplus
labour they were manufacturing products that could be utilized to keep up in a fng.
condition of a few fng. units - men, free from ordinary labour, giving them an opportunity
to use the consequent free time of their productive functioning for fulfilling algorithms
in other fnl. cells, being organised anew while the motion of Matter in <i>quality</i>.
It is quite natural, that the most part of the above fng. material - slaves - were
occupying the lowest row of the fnl. pyramid and were in the most subordinate position
after working domestic animals. Only the constant threat of beating from the side of
overseers was the main irritant of their nervous system, inducing them to fulfil these
or those monotonous production algorithms at limits of the physical possibilities of
their organism.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Let us examine why the evolving Matter required so inhumane
a systemic reorganisation at that stage of its Evolution. For this it is enough to
remember that simultaneously with the structural integration of intrastate subsystems
of hyperorganisms also morphogenetic correlations in the highest nervous activity of
the human organism went on. It is known that many features of the nervous system and
the state of mind of the human being, defining the type of his highest nervous activity,
the characteristics of his individual conduct, the specific personal interests and
inclinations as well as the norms and forms of his individual reaction to various
outside stimuli and irritants, including those that are being defined by social
surroundings, are hereditarily determined to this or that extent. Hence, already at
birth people in their potential fnl. features and possibilities, in other words, in
their native abilities are various, not equal. Due to that, the ensembleous organisation
of neuronic structures of the CNS, the more and more cooperative activity of the enormous
number of analysers and initiators of more and more perfect fnl. centres of the cerebral
hemispheres laid down the beginning of the appearance and development in some individuals
of <u>the third signal subsystem</u> of the human organism, the irritant of associated
elements of which became '<i>a problem</i>', being caused usually by the lack of
possibility for implementation of some fnl. algorithms, more often because of the
ignorance of them.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Within the period of its origination the third signal subsystem,
having also the name 'the stereotype dynamic', was functioning in a so called inductive
mode of operation, during which its activity had a casual character. Thus, for example,
having noticed, that copper starts melting after getting into a primordial bonfire and
after becoming hard acquires a new form, the man drew the algorithms of the smelting of
articles out of metal. Owing to this the outline of the inductive mode of operation looks
as follows: the problem <img src="images/symm07.gif" height="15" width="18"
border="0"> a fnl. algorithm. With the development of the third signal subsystem the
mode of its functioning began to have a more deductive hue, that is to have a more
purposeful character. Therefore the outline of the deductive mode of operation looks
like as follows: a problem <img src="images/symm08.gif" height="15"
width="18" border="0"> the fnl. algorithm. As a result, the segments of functioning
that were using the third signal subsystem in the deductive mode of operation, began
to appear more and more often in the algorithmic sets of some fnl. cells. We shall name
the periods corresponding to them as <u>the functioning of the second order</u>, which
was taking sometimes all the time of the active functioning of some of fnl. cells. This
kind of functioning it is necessary to distinguish from the functioning of the first
order, which was inherent in the overwhelming majority of fnl. cells of ordinary labour,
consisting in routine repetitions of already known fnl. algorithms, discovered earlier
with the help of the third signal subsystem.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The gradual corticalisation of the appearance and later also
of the finding of new fnl. algorithms raised still more the significance of the cerebrum
in the systemic evolution and structural organisation of hyperorganisms of the first type.
However, at that distant epoch the embryos of the third signal subsystem were appearing
only in an insignificant number of the existing people, while in the main mass of them
the irritants of the second signal subsystem remained as the principal dominant. But even
the initial period of the development of the third signal subsystem has led to the rapid
flourishing of the ancient science and art, and the elaboration of new technological
processes and organisational forms. The perceiving receptors of the third signal subsystem
are situated in the depths of the multi-circuit neuronic ensembles, organised into numerous
heterofunctional analysers, in which complex biochemical processes take place. The centres
of excitement initiated by 'a problem'-irritant are dominating in appropriate fields of
the structure of the cerebrum until the moment, when 'the solution' is being associated
in them, leading to a response reaction of the organism's subsystems and being accompanied
by the appearance (fulfilment) of a number of new fnl. algorithms. However, a
problem-irritant cannot be perceived and cause an excitement as well as become the
initiator of an association of the solution in each cerebrum, but only in one of them,
which has a finely arranged structural chain of accordingly tuned receptors, analysers,
associators and translators, forming a clearly distinguished fnl. centre. All other
variants of the formation of fnl. centres of the cerebrum as well as the ones that are
analogous to the one described above, but in which one of the links in the said chain
is functioning indistinctly, not speaking even about the absence of some of them, do not
allow people to perceive or to analyse these or those problems, or to give out appropriate
solutions translated into the language of fnl. algorithms. That is why scientists and
writers, composers and artists, but first of all organisers and inventors are the people,
in whom the fnl. centres of the third signal subsystem of the CNS are dominating over the
fnl. centres of the second one.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     At the same time, in order to function normally, an individual
with the phenogenotype of an organiser should get into a fnl. cell responsible for the
structural organisation of this or that part of the hyperorganism's system. This is the
same as if an inventor, even occupying an appropriate fnl. cell, should have conditions
and sufficient psychological potential: necessities minus possibilities
<img src="images/symm09.gif" height="15" width="20" border="0"> a problem,
in order to actualise his potential. But it does not happen always in hyperorganisms'
structure that a man with certain fnl. abilities gets into a fnl. cell corresponding to
his phenogenotype. A consequence of this is always a lowering to a certain extent of the
efficiency of functioning of the entire system as a whole. If that was happening more
rarely in the primordial herd, where the leader (later the elder) was being selected by
means of Natural Selection out of the whole mass of kinsmen, then it became more frequent
in slave-holding states, although at the first phases of the development their structure
was meeting the requirements of the laws of Matter's motion in <i>quality-time</i>, as
it was absorbing fnl. cells, which were appearing anew, rather easily and did not hinder
their further differentiation with the isolation of the second order's cells.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The hierarchical rise of fnl. cells of slave-owners over fnl.
cells of slaves and other fng. units of hyperorganisms gave them an opportunity with the
help of fnl. centres of their own third signal subsystem (if they had it) or of fnl.
centres of the third signal subsystem of a capable bailiff to look for new organisational
forms within the bounds of their properties. The surplus of products, obtained at the
expense of the additional exploitation of slaves' labour, was partly utilised also for
supporting of other people - fng. units in fnl. cells of the second order, as, apart from
other peculiarities, the distinguishing feature of fnl. cells of the second order is that
the fng. units occupying them, functioning in one of the modes of operation of the third
signal subsystem, have to spend on it practically all the time of their active functioning
with sometimes a minimum result. They practically do not have time at all for functioning
of the first order, that is for direct production of provisions, which forces hypersystems
always to have such a structural organisation, in which fng. units of fnl. cells of the
second order are being supported as if at the expense of the results of the functioning
of fng. units in fnl. cells of the first order. And indeed, the ancient sculptors, artists
and jewellers, philosophers and poets, senators and military chiefs, but first of all
organisers, inventors and managers, could not function efficiently in their fnl. cells,
if instead of that they had every day from the morning till the evening to cultivate
the land or to look after domestic animals. At the same time, the land-workers and
cattle-breeders did not have enough free time of active functioning as well to extend
its segments considerably for fnl. algorithms of the second order.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     As it is known, each human being with a various grade of
the genetic determination of his fnl. features at adequate life conditions inherits
a genomical DNA with the molecular mass of <nobr>1.8 <img src="images/symm05.gif"
height="15" width="14" border="0"> 10<sup>12</sup></nobr> daltons, that is corresponding
to about 3 million genes. Nevertheless, the phenogenotype of people that was forming
during the ancient epoch, in view of a further deepening of the differentiation of
individual aggregate spectrums of fnl. centres of the CNS' signal subsystems, was
specialising more and more, making different in various people the abilities to fulfil
these or those fnl. algorithms. Owing to this, some people could play better musical
instruments, but knew worse how to look after domestic animals; others were manufacturing
pottery well enough, but did not have eurhythmics for dancing; the third ones were
painting pictures in a good manner or writing verse, but were badly adapted to fulfil
fnl. algorithms of a peasant, etc. Thus, the differentiation of fnl. cells and the
widening of the summarised spectrum of their fnl. algorithms was leading, despite all
the biological universality of the human organism, to the genotypical specialisation of
individual aggregate spectrums of fnl. centres of the cerebrum's signal subsystems, that
in its turn reflected on the professional orientation of fng. units - people. By the same
reason, peasants and cattle-breeders, besides supporting life in their own organisms, had
to produce with their work-life sources for keeping up in the mode of active functioning
the fng. units that were filling in fnl. cells of the second order.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     With the motion of Matter along the coordinates of
<i>quality-time</i> finally the moment came when the systemic organisation of the
slave-holding state stopped meeting the required rate of growth of quantity of new fnl.
cells, filled in with appropriate fng. units, and first of all, the ratio of growth of
the quantity of fnl. cells of the second order to the quantity of fnl. cells of the first
order. The reason for this was that in the states of this type the belonging to some
estate, that is an appropriate cell of a social stay (functioning), was handed down
practically only in a a hereditary way, owing to which a man, who had a genotype with
some dominating fnl. centre of the third signal subsystem, but was born in a slave's
family, had to remain in the fnl. cell of a slave, not having the possibility to use in
full his fnl. abilities. Instead of that he had to fulfil fnl. algorithms of the first
order not corresponding to his genotype, to what he was resisting organically. At the
same time a fnl. cell of a slave-owner, who was nominally the organiser of all works in
his ownership, could be often occupied by a man with the fnl. centre for organising (of
the third signal subsystem), which was weakly developed or not formed with him at all.
As a result of that he was incapable of implementing properly the algorithms of an
organiser, consisting, as it is known, in the systematical determination of an optimal
structure of fnl. cells of a given hyperorganism and an interlink between them,
establishing an optimal list of fnl. algorithms for each fnl. cell as well as the
filling in of every cell with an appropriate fng. unit able to fulfil fixed algorithms.
The said disparities were leading more and more often to a re-polarization of the
biosocial potential in hyperorganisms, when from one side a fnl. cell of a slave-owner -
the organiser was being occupied by a fng. unit - a man with undeveloped fnl. centres of
the third signal subsystem, thus becoming a parasitizing fng. unit of the hypersystem,
while fng. units - people with the genotype of a higher order were occupying one or
several fnl. cells of his slaves. The structural deviations that were arising owing
to this, were bringing in some situations to insurrections of slaves. However, even
in the case of a success, the insurrectionists did not know any other structural
self-organisation of fnl. cells except the division to slave-owners and slaves.
Therefore a slave who won a victory, was seeking only to occupy the fnl. cell of a
slave-owner and to make former slave-owners his slaves. Unassociated peasants and
artisans were not practically involved in these structural shake ups at all.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The ontogenetic evolution of the human being and his
morpho-physiological differentiation are submitting to the principle of recapitulation
and were accomplished under the control of a genetic program coded in 46 chromosomes,
located in the core of each somatic organic cell of any normal man irrespective of his
racial, national or class identity. The principles and mechanisms of controlling the
processes of biosynthesis in the human being do not differ from such in organisms of
the third generation, and the handing down of hereditary information from parents to
posterity is being comprehended by the general theory of heredity. Coming from the fact
that a chromosomal genofund of a genotype is formed out of the genomical code of reduced
information of gametes of both parents, then it is not always that a formed specialised
fnl. ability of one of the parents after being handed down is prevailing in the genotype
of their posterity. Owing to this in a family of a musician a son may be born, unable to
study music; a brave warrior can have a puny son-coward; stingy parents - extravagant
children; a good organiser - a mediocre performer; a hard-working and energetic father
- a passive and lazy son, etc.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Likewise, parents with nothing notable in features can
give birth to a child, endowed with a not ordinary spectrum of fnl. centres of the
cerebrum's signal subsystems, capable of implementing exceptionally well one of the sets
of narrow-specialised fnl. algorithms. Due to this, equally with the growth of the number
of fnl. cells of the second order, that were becoming blocked up with parasitizing fng.
units, there was taking place a simultaneous loss more and more of the stimulus of
functioning in fnl. cells of the first order, as the irritant, that was laid in the
foundation of operation of slave-holding states - the threat to use physical violence,
because of the phenogenotypical evolution of the man in progress, was ceasing more and
more to yield efficiently required results, amounted in the increase of manufacture of
surplus product by every fng. unit of the first order. Moreover, the irritation of the
CNS, being caused by it, instead of generating the required excitement of subsystems of
the organism of fng. units - slaves to fulfil some algorithms of the first order led more
and more often to their state of stress, hampering normal functioning, that was having
the opposite effect. Therefore a slave, who had the genotype with activated third signal
subsystem, opposed with all vigour to fulfil the fnl. algorithms of the first order
required from him and, having the abilities to make new kind of tools, did not want to
work on someone else's plantations, using obsolete implements.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Thus, the slave-holding inheritance of a limited number of
fnl. cells of the second order, and first of all of cells of management, from the one
side, and the growth of a number of individuals with activated third signal subsystem,
from the other side, have led to the situation, where the structure of a slave-holding
state gradually was becoming a bigger and bigger drag on the motion of Matter
in <i>quality-time</i>, and it became the main cause of the necessity of its
reorganisation.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The period of existence of ancient slave-holding states,
that were in their time a significant step forward in the evolution of the human
society by comparison with primordial communities, lasted more than 5 thousand years
and ended in the middle of the first thousand years AD. By that time Humanity already
had over 230 mln. simultaneously living people. From this moment the epoch of
<u>hyperorganisms of the second type</u> came, which had the systemic organisation
of so named feudal states.</p>

<p>     <b><u><a name="p3b3">Feudal States.</a></u></b>
   Their appearance was characterised by processes of systemic reorganisation
of the human society, affecting, as a rule, the entire structure of hypersystems. By that
time the productive power of fng. units' functioning in cells of the first order of weakly
associated peasants and artisans had increased considerably. It became possible thanks to
the results of episodic in the depth of thousands of years of the ancient period efforts
of those yet not many then fng. units with active third signal subsystem, who were
assisting in the improvement of working tools and instruments, technological algorithms,
extensive use of fnl. abilities of domestic animals, etc. As a result of the above named
processes the formation of new fnl. pyramids of the society took place integrated on the
basis of fnl. cells of peasants and artisans becoming associated more and more. The
structure of these pyramids began to be comprised of a much bigger quantity of fnl. cells
of the second order, owing to which the probability of getting into them of people with
active third signal subsystem increased. The enlarging of distinctions, that defined the
sets of fnl. algorithms of industrial cells from the agricultural ones was imposing its
imprint on peculiarities of the formation of appropriate fnl. pyramids. So, if in farming
in their foundation there was a property of land, then in industry the main role began to
play the ownership for means of production, which were becoming more and more complex.
The augmentation of the number of fnl. cells of the second order, being filled in with
appropriate fng. units with a more developed phenogenotype, allowed the activation still
more of the process of growth of the productive power of functioning in all fnl. cells
of hyperorganisms, including the cells of the first order, that in its turn was
automatically assisting a further augmentation of the number of filled in fnl. cells
of the second order, hereby meeting the requirements of the motion of Matter in
<i>quality-time</i>.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Thus, the above said reciprocal dependence became a determining
criterion of the level of development of the civilization of this or that society, since
the more<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     <b>1)</b> the quantity of fnl. cells of
the second order with regard to the cells of the first order is,<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;      <b>2)</b> the aggregate phenogenofund
of fng. units filling them in is,<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;      <b>3)</b> the coefficient of congruity
of fng. units to fnl. cells (or fnl. cells to fng. units) is,<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
the higher <u>the level of civilization of a given society</u> is, the more optimal its
structure and the more efficient its systemic organisation. And indeed, in slave-holding
states the number of fnl. cells of the first order (slaves and so forth) was considerably
bigger in comparison with a relatively small quantity of fnl. cells of slave-owners and
other cells of the second order. In the structure of hyperorganisms of the second type,
the number of fnl. cells of the second order increased sharply, the coefficient of
congruity of progressing in fnl. abilities fng. units to permanently differentiating
fnl. cells, and especially to the cells of the second order, became higher. At the same
time, the differentiating of cells which was occurring, constituted their specialisation
by the availability of rarefied sets of fnl. algorithms being comprised by them. This
process was accompanied by a further integration of hypersystems and required the
strengthening of the interlink between multiplying diverse cells. In this connection
the exchange between fng. units of the results of their functioning in cells became
more and more important.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     With time the mediatory function during interchange fell on
money, which as a universal means of payment, and afterwards of accumulation, was becoming
as well a universal irritant of the third signal subsystem, having developed already to a
certain extent in most members of the human society of that <i>time</i>. An excitement of
the CNS initiated by it through the most complex reflex chain was generating such a state
of the organism of fng. units, which was assisting to a maximum exploitation, including
also a self-exploitation, of his abilities to implement these or those fnl. algorithms.
The insertion by that reason into the sets of algorithms, practically of all cells of
any order, of the segments of functioning, that were loading the third signal subsystem
of a man, however, was leading to an intensification of the genotypical and social
stratification of the society, nonetheless it was serving a sufficient psychological
stimulus for the normal functioning of units in the structures of hypersystems of the
second type, including feudal peasants and artisans. A bigger and bigger surplus product
created by them ensured an increase in the quantity of fnl. cells of the second order,
that in its turn led to their further differentiation and integration, which has led to
the genesis of new superstructural pyramids, to which it is necessary to attribute the
church, military, judiciary and others. The government pyramid also continued perfecting.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Meanwhile, the further evolution of the systemic organisation
of the cerebrum and CNS of the human organism has led to the moment, when at a certain
stage of the individual development the most complex microstructures of some of them
became capable of responding to a new kind of irritation - '<u>a problem in the
future</u>'. The excitement of fields of the cerebrum in some cases, generated at
the same time as a result of the most complex chain of a biochemical process that
was occurring in it, was assisting the appearance of appropriate 'solutions'. The
structures of the cerebrum, participating in this <u>highest reflex activity of the
alive substance of Matter</u>, underlay the formation of <u>the fourth signal subsystem
of the human organism</u>, which, as the third one as well, it would be more correct
to name a 'solving-organising' subsystem.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     It was quite natural, that at that <i>time</i> only an initial
formation of the said subsystem was taking place, which comprised the development of all
its component microparts, responsible for the implementation of functions in the following
sequence: the perception of an irritation <img src="images/symm18.gif" height="15"
width="19" border="0"> its appreciating analysis <img src="images/symm18.gif"
height="15" width="19" border="0"> the association of possible solutions
<img src="images/symm18.gif" height="15" width="19" border="0"> their
appreciation <img src="images/symm08.gif" height="15" width="18" border="0">
the issuing of a final solution of 'a problem at present or in the future'.
An unsatisfactory functioning through any reason of though one of the microstructures
of the cerebrum, responsible for any link in the chain of this material process, having
the biochemical basis, led to a decrease in the efficiency of the work of the entire
given signal subsystem as a whole. At the same time at the hypersystemic level of
organisation the segments of so named '<u>functioning of the third order</u>' began
to appear in the sets of algorithms of individual fnl. cells more and more often,
becoming the embryo of the contemporary management and planning, meanwhile, the higher
along the structural vertical of a pyramid a given fnl. cell was located, the bigger
this segment was in it. The biggest part it was reaching in the cells of tops of pyramids.
As a material providing of the functioning of the third order could serve only the
nervous-psychical activity, that was carried out with the help of the third and fourth
signal subsystems of the human organism's cerebrum, and therefore only fng. units with
the most developed third and fourth signal subsystems were capable of implementing well
the algorithms of this functioning.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The bigger and bigger increase of the time of aggregate
functioning of the second and third order in fnl. cells assisted to a further systemic
organisation of the human society, to the growth of its productive power, flourishing of
science and art. A further differentiation of more complicated artisans' technological
processes into separate operations became an important factor of the growth of potential
possibilities of the productive functioning. Established on this basis manufactories and
workshops became embryos of modern factories and plants, a cradle of machinery production.
All this was leading to a sharp augmentation of the number of fnl. cells of the second
and third order, their bigger integration. As a result, in the evolution of the human
society both forming systems processes, going simultaneously, activated some more. One
of them, as it is known, is determinated by the influence of social structuralism and is
characterised by the stratification of fnl. cells over pyramids' levels in accordance
with sets of algorithms of functioning. The second process is conditioned by the action
of laws of the phenogenodynamics of fng. units, according to which, depending on the
degree of the development of their third and fourth signal subsystems, they are fit to
a certain extent to implement algorithms in the cells of the first to the third orders.
At the same time, the higher the degree of an individual development of the highest
signal subsystems of a given organism is, the higher the order of functioning it is
capable of carrying out effectively.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     Schematically, this process is reminiscent of the order of
movement of molecules of water, when the molecules, having a higher temperature, are
rising to a certain level, while the molecules with a lower temperature are going down
to a certain level. Like this, for an effective functioning of fng. units - people with
the presence of developed signal subsystems, it is also necessary to have the conditions
of fnl. cells of the appropriate level. Equally, for a resulting presence in structures
of hypersystems of fnl. cells of the second and third order, their undoubted filling in
with fng. units having the maximum developed highest signal subsystems of the organism
is required. History proves that only after the fulfilment of the above said conditions
of the combination of fng. units and fnl. cells a state of a '<u>social-dynamic balance
in hypersystems of the human society</u>' can be reached, and it can be named with
confidence as a relative '<u>limit of its systemic evolution</u>'.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The feudal relations, being the basis of the organisation of
hyperorganisms of the second type, which were determining the mode of the filling in of
functional cells of public structures of that <i>time</i> with fng. units, at a certain
stage of the evolution of the society began to restrain its progress, as well as the
motion of Matter in <i>quality-time</i> itself. The reason for this was that only fng.
units out of the nobility were entitled to occupy fnl. cells of the second and third
order of pyramids, while the lower stratum of fnl. cells of the first order were being
occupied only by people out of a lower estate. Despite a better fnl. preparation in the
nobility, even those out of its fng. units, who were having a sufficiently developed
highest signal subsystem of the organism, could not always hand down in a genetic way
to its posterity a capability of properly implementing algorithms of the second and third
order, due to which among them a share of units with a weakly developed highest signal
subsystem was growing, as no one of them wished to move (to go down) voluntarily into
the cells of the first order corresponding to the level of their fnl. abilities.
Simultaneously, owing to the evolution of the cerebrum being in progress as well as
to appropriate mutational deviations, individuals with well-developed highest signal
subsystems were being born periodically among fng. units of the low estate. But they
could not get into fnl. cells of a high order of the upper part of pyramids, as these
cells were being handed down by fng. units of the nobility from generation to generation
by inheritance. All that was leading to the violation of the laws of phenogenodynamics,
and as a consequence, to the loss of the social-dynamic balance of society. Therefore
such cases were occurring more and more often, when a fng. unit - nobleman, having
inherited a fnl. cell of a high order and not having sufficiently developed highest
subsystems of the cerebrum, was not in a position to implement effectively appropriate
algorithms of functioning, assisting by that to flourishing of the fnl. mimicry. At the
same time individuals of a low estate born with an actively expressed highest signal
subsystem, not having an opportunity to display their capabilities, had to fulfil
simplified algorithms of the first order, which was affecting in a depressing way their
psyche as well as their desire to function in general. Exactly in this way standard
situations were arising, when upper crust could not and lower classes under the
influence of stress did not want to function in their fnl. cells of hyperstructures.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     The situations, at which the biosocial potential reached big
negative significances, were repeatedly leading people to insurrections. However, having
got though a temporary success, the leaders of insurrectionists immediately declared
themselves to be kings, that is were copying the hypersystemic structure existing then.<br>
 <dd>&nbsp;&nbsp;
     It happened also that fnl. cells of a high order were being
occupied by fng. units out of the nobility with a greatly activated highest signal
subsystem. Thou